Expansion of Starbucks in India Essay Example

Expansion of Starbucks in India Essay Proposal by Ramanathan Ragupathi. Transmittal Letter Ramanathan Ragupathi [emailprotected] com International Strategy analyst Starbucks Seattle 98101 22 November 2010 Howard  Schultz founder, chairman, president and chief executive officer Starbucks Seattle 98101 Dear Mr. Schultz Enclosed is a copy of the proposed report â€Å"Starbucks India†. This report is a summary of expansion of Starbucks outlets in India. The proposal covers the current strategies, target market, financial planning and a feasibility study to successfully operate in the Indian market. This report also outlines recommendations which would further benefit the company to move forward regarding the proposed market. If you have any questions regarding the interpretation of this report please feel free to contact me at the address above. Thank you for your funding of this project and I look forward to working with you again soon. Sincerely, Ramanathan Ragupathi Table of Contents [pic] Executive Summary Starbucks is the world’s largest coffeehouse corporation with over 16000 outlets, operating in more than 50 countries. The company has constantly been on an expansion move and focuses on entering many new markets with its growth potential. In line with this expansion strategy this report advocates and focuses on entering a new market in India. One of the prominent countries in Asia , India has become one of the most important and exciting business hub to the world with a massive increase in foreign investments especially from the United States and with consumers who are just willing to spend more and more. Regarding the legislative side, India has also reformed its export policy with the United States which was quite stringent few years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Expansion of Starbucks in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Expansion of Starbucks in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Expansion of Starbucks in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There couldn’t be a more appropriate time for Starbucks to open its outlets in this land of opportunities where most of the international franchises have earned outstanding profits and growth. The proposal is to open outlets in Mumbai, an important cosmopolitan business city and New Delhi which is the capital of India. These two strategic locations will be the most suitable place to test the initial success of the business. Starbucks will be customizing their standard menu to adapt to the local tastes of the market. This includes addition of more tea flavors as Indians are known to be a more â€Å"Tea drinking population† and certain local coffee flavors as well. The Major competitor for Starbucks would be the Italian based coffee company Barista. Starbucks is expected to outwit Barista and capture the market share with its superb marketing and reasonable pricing schemes in addition to its excellent quality. In line with this strategy Starbucks will be able to gain the brand loyalty of the much anticipated Indian customers. Introduction Starbucks is the world’s largest coffee corporation employing more than 128,800 employees. First started in Seattle’s Pike Place Market, the company has grown tremendously with over 16000 outlets worldwide. The next step is focusing on the Indian market. The likelihood of Starbucks succeeding in India is relatively high for many reasons. India’s consumer society is not only radically developing but also adapting to the western culture. †India’s young are becoming world-class consumers and multinational are taking note† reads the article published by TIME magazine in their August 2003 issue â€Å"Hey Big Spenders! †. India opened up its economy to the world through its liberalization policy in 1991 which resulted in the flooding of foreign investment and trade. The custom duties were lowered which resulted in the devaluation of the currency. This virtually eliminated the permit controls on private investments and broke public sector monopolies. Many multinational corporations such as McDonalds and Barista have been taking advantages of these new policies and started expanding their business throughout India. The reason why these multinational were becoming more and more successful was due to the mass increase in outsourcing by foreign companies. A study conducted by Forrester Research states that â€Å"Us companies are expected to send 3. 3 million jobs overseas in the next 12 years , primarily to India†. The attitude of the Indian people regarding the western culture has dramatically changed over the years. As stated by Mr Ravi Deol , The Managing Director of Barista India †Indian consumers want to do what the rest of the world is doing†. The Indian youth wants everything from McDonalds to GAS Jeans but the more important part is that they are willing to spend even tough the cost is relatively high. This kind of attitude will certainly help Starbucks operate successfully in the Indian market. The proposed outlets in Mumbai and Delhi , the two most happening cities in India will definitely ensure the success of the company as these locations have ample call centers, offices and universities which provides a massive market where the trend has already shifted to the consuming of western food. As more than 50% of the Indian population fall under the youth category, Starbucks can target the younger consumer generation with their creative advertisement campaigns. In addition these two cities are one of the major hot spots of tourism in the country with over 2300000 and 200000 tourists visiting Delhi and Mumbai each year. The Starbucks Indian menu should also customize their products by integrating traditional Indian menu items such as Indian filter coffee with their existing menu. Methodology: Starbucks coming into India requires an extensive amount of Primary and Secondary research. Mainly being a consumer good and within a 1 billion population only a certain amount of the population can actually afford a cup of coffee at Starbucks outlets. Secondary research gives us a lear understanding of the internal detail on Starbucks, their financial capability and supply chain evaluations have been done by our team. Linking these two aspects and entering into a market such as India mainly requires primary research. Surveys and evaluations such as the perfect price per cup to an average customer should be discussed. Also economic figures such as the G DP Per Capita should be identified through secondary research. In a country like India linking supply chains with its clustered outlets will be tough and our assumptions made in this reports are backed by valid proof. Primary research is very minimum because of the time limit but secondary research has been done according to our teams maximum capability. Analysis of the International Business Situation: Strategic assessment of the company’s entry to India: A SWOT analysis will help us evaluate the feasibility of Starbucks’s entry to the proposed market. While it’s assessed below, Porters five force analysis is also done to evaluate the market attractiveness (Appendix 1). The foreign investment policy of India also plays an important role in the feasibility study. (Appendix 3) Mode of entry and strategy: Starbucks in India will be a private business entity with a horizontal organizational structure. It is expected that the outlets in India will be operated with a single manager and five to six employees working in shifts. In addition to the outlets a regional office which will be responsible for its operations in the proposed locations will also be set up along side a small scale roasting plant. The regional office will be facilitating the marketing in the proposed locations through its HR managers, finance council, sales consultant and a regional marketing analyst. The regional office would also be hiring a legal specialist who would be facilitating with the legal jurisdiction and customs of India. The production and distribution responsibility will be given to the roasting plant team which will also manage the required inventory and equipments to the retail outlets. The plant will be buying coffee beans and tea from local farmers at wholesale price, thus saving money in transportation and enjoy tax benefits.. The financial assessment and supply chain management will be handled by the Starbucks head office in Seattle, USA. Target Markets: Primary Target Market: This market primarily consists of the youth in India who are not only aware of the western culture but also are very well educated. The proposed locations are in proximity to call centers and offices whose employees are well paid and thus unique marketing tactics will be implemented to gain their brand loyalty. Secondary Target Market: This market primarily consists of tourists who mainly come the United States, UK and Japan, thus making Starbucks more appealing and favorable compared to other brands as Starbucks is quite popular in these countries. This market also focuses on the upper and middle Indian class population who ould find Starbucks more attractive due to their excellent quality and brand name. Analysis of the proposed locations: Both Mumbai and New Delhi are important and busy cosmopolitans with numerous tourist spots, universities and offices. (Map of Starbucks in India: appendix 2) New Delhi The franchise for Starbucks in New Delhi will be located in the focal point of the city known as Connaught place and the second outlet in South Extension, a very posh locality. These locations are in close proximity with big offices and posh residential colonies and are one of the most preferred tourist hot spots. New Delhi is also a strategically important place for Starbucks as it is the nearest urbanized city to the world famous Taj Mahal, thus making it an excellent place to give the company a push start. Mumbai: The proposed location in this important and busy cosmopolitan will be located at Nariman Point which is a premier business locality with a mixture of modern and traditional architecture. This location besides having numerous technology companies and affluent higher class societies also is in close proximity to the Gateway of India, which is one of the most visited tourist areas in the city. Proposed product: Starbucks is renowned for its variety of coffee and tea beverages in addition to its confectionary’s and baked snacks. Apart from the edible items, Starbucks outlets provide a comforting and modern ambience which allows customers not only to enjoy their favorite drink but also helps them to work or study due to its customer focused services such as free wireless internet access. Starbucks India will customize their menu by adding additional local flavors in both tea and coffee such as â€Å"Indian Filter coffee† and â€Å"ginger tea†. Apart from these additional flavors, new flavors will be added to the menu after the first phase of Research and Development is completed. . Proposed strategy: Pricing: Starbucks will be following a competitive and penetrating pricing policy. This means that Starbucks will be selling its commodities at a lower price than its biggest competitor Barista India. This is due to the fact that Starbucks will be having its own roasting plants which are responsible for the low cost of production thereby resulting in a significant reduction in retail cost. It has also been noted from the success of Barista India that customers are willing to pay any price for a better service, quality and ambience. Promotion Starbucks India will be focusing mainly on using billboards and radio commercials as the proposed locations have one of the highest number of billboards and radio listeners in the country. Apart from these promotional brochures offering complimentary delivery services will be used to get in touch with the target market Revenue: Using the zonal pricing method the price of one coffee would be US$1. If on an average a customer spends about US$1. 0 and it is anticipated that there are about 2000 customers a day in each outlet then the projected revenue per day would be around US$9000 per day. Planned Financing It is expected that the costs in the following years will reduce as more and more trade policies with the United States will be liberalized. This will result in the absorption of more profits and thus will increase the revenue of Starbucks substantially. [pic] Threats The major threat comes from Barista Lavazza which is currently owned by Lavazza,  Italy’s largest coffeehouse corporation with over 200 stores in India . Although they are no match for Starbuck’s expertise and quality but due to Barista’s strong ties with the government and other key individuals such as C Sivansankaran , owner of Sterling Group which owns the majority of Barista’s share, Starbucks may be able to acquire only a small part of the market share. Barista’s existence in India for over 10 years has also resulted in a significant number of loyal customers. Further more the issues of bureaucracy and corruption may be seen as a bottleneck. Apart from this the trade union laws are quite rigid and needs to be assessed very carefully. Conclusion: The suggested venture for Starbucks into India seems undoubtedly a market with great potential. The rapid westernization of Indian market foresees many large projects by both the domestic and International corporations will ensure that an excellent quality of commodities is delivered to the Indian people. India’s massive and profitable market along with the company’s current expansion strategy seeks to strike a balance between the ups and downs of the industry and makes the proposed entry ideal for Starbucks. Recommendations: Starbucks can move forward in the industry by focusing on the issues addressed below: . Implementing a feasible inventory policy thereby eliminating the problem of overstocking and thus ensuring fresh stock throughout the year. 2. Implementing partnerships with 5 star hotels such as hotel Taj and Hyatt 3. Implementing partnerships with the airline industry of India so that Starbucks can serve their high quality commodities on flights and Airports. 4. Setting up a joint venture for the production of high quality equipments and other supplies thereby eliminating tariffs and thus creating job opportunities for the local market. Appendix 1 Five Forces model Competition: As stated in the report Starbucks will face much of the competition from the Italian based coffeehouse corporation Barista Lavazza. The suggested mode of entry together with the company’s core competencies will facilitate Starbucks to flourish in the Indian market. Threat of new entrants: India has one of the largest foreign direct investments and also a mammoth market which is yet to be exploited to its full potential. Thus there is a very high probability for Starbuck’s global competitor such as Coffee people and caribou coffee to enter the Indian market. Bargaining power of suppliers: The suppliers bargaining power will be relatively low due to the presence of countless suppliers. In addition the high volume of supplies being purchased at wholesale price directly from the local farmers and other domestic suppliers will also fade away the bargaining power of the suppliers. Bargaining power of customers: As Starbuck’s target customers are primarily tourists, high paid employees and upper Indian middle class families, the bargaining power of the customers will be low. Threat of substitutes: There is a high threat of substitutes as the market is flooded with both domestic and international outlets who constantly try to outperform each other. However this issue shouldn’t be a problem as no other company can provide the quality and service for which Starbucks is known for. Appendix 2 Map of Starbucks in India [pic] Source: http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/world/india/ Appendix 3 †¢ All foreign investment projects, not considered a priority industry eligible for automatic Clearance by the Reserve Bank of India, require approval by the Foreign Investment. Promotion Board or a newly created committee for review of smaller investment projects. †¢ The government permits foreign firms to hold up to 51 percent equity in Indian venture on a case-by-case basis. †¢ Automatic approval is granted to foreign investments of up to 51 percent equity in 34 High-priority industrial sectors. †¢ Foreign companies are permitted to acquire land and own buildin gs as long as permission is obtained from the Reserve Bank of India. †¢ No specific tax incentives exist to attract foreign investment.

The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Essay Example

The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Essay Example The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Paper The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Paper In this essay I will be analysing the short story The Red Room which was written be H.G Wells in 1896. Im going to be looking at what techniques he uses to build tension, and also be looking to see if its a successful ghost story or not. There are many different ways in which writers can build tension and keep the readers attention, some of these ways are; Long descriptions that get the readers attention, and give imagery to the reader using adjectives, verbs and adverbs, the writer may also use stereotypical settings or characters that create tension and gloomy feelings to the story, or maybe they use short sentences, to create pace in the scene or to show sudden action. The opening sets the scene, and introduces the plot and the characters. The first sentence of the story starts in the middle of a conversation between two characters in the story. In the conversation it has the word ghost within it, so already the reader is getting hints about what the story is about. As you read further into the conversation you find out that the character in the story is an arrogant type of person; and caught a glimpse of myself, abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness The writer is trying to make the reader not like the character, and from other stories or film references, the character that isnt liked, normally in the end, is the one that suffers at some point in the story or film. Eight and twenty years, said I, I have lived and never a ghost have I seen as yet A small extract of what the character says to show he is arrogant. In the next paragraph the writer introduces and describes an eerie old woman, which gives the reader, the feeling of unnaturalness. The old woman sat starring hard into the fire, her pale eyes wide open This short descriptive sentence alone is enough to give the reader a small amount of fear. After the introduction to the woman, she speaks and part of what she says is a hint or a clue to what might happen, further on in the story. and eight and twenty years you have lived and never seen the likes of this house, I reckon theres many things to see that last part of what she says makes the reader curious, or maybe want more and encourage the reader to read on. More of what the old woman says makes the reader even more curious and sends questions to the readers mind; A many things to see and sorrow for, some questions the reader may thing of would be something like; Whats to see?, Whats to sorrow for? etc. Further along in the introduction to the story, there is more evidence to show that the main character is a really arrogant person. and caught a glimpse of myself, abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness, shows to be bit patronising and he loves himself as some people might put it, which again would suggest to the reader that something is going to happen to him. The last paragraph of the first page, repetition is used with the words Its your own choosing was repeated twice in the first and last paragraph of the first page. Its as if the man is insisting its the mans choice or whether on not he goes to The Red Room and spending the night, and also its like the man knows something is going to happen to him, and hes giving him a warning. The last part of the opening to the story, repetition is used with the same four words to show than the man really means what hes saying, and its like a second warning. The character then answers, Its my own choosing, to show to the man that hes taken in what hes told him, and he understands, which again shows he is patronising, and its as if he is dismissing him. After this, there is a description of the man with the shade, it quite a long description for a not such an important character but it all adds to in-human sense to him and make him sound more bizarre. A monstrous shadow of him crouched upon the wall and marked his actions as he poured and drank, this description of the man with the withered arm uses personification to make it sound creepy. Continuing more about the elderly people, there is another description of all of them, which is described by the main characters point of view show how he feels towards them. There Is to my mind something inhuman in senility, The human qualitys seem to drop for the old people day by day and with their gaunt silences, their bent carriage, their evident unfriendliness to me and one another, these descriptions of the old people from the character, may show that he may have slight fear towards them, and they seem to be unfriendly towards him. From the next page, it is revealed that the house is really haunted, You will show me to this haunted room of yours, which is said by the main character, it is the first indication that the house is haunted so basically its telling the reader what the rest of the story is going to be about. After this, one of the old people is startled by what the character has just said, The old man with the cough jerked his head back so suddenly that it startled me From this description, the reader would begin to wonder; why is the man so startled by whats just been said? Its another sentence that sends questions to the readers head which causes a lot of curiosity. The main character then repeats what he has said to get the old peoples attention, But he also repeats the word haunted again which again builds the curiosity for the reader. Further down the page, one of the old people is giving the character directions to the red room, its a long set of instructions that sound disturbing because of its isolation from the rest of house, its a six line set of directions, and it easily builds tension. After the instructions one of the men, asks the character; And are you really going? Its as if they dont believe that he is going and they are against him going. Page six of the story begins with the eerie repetition of the words Its your own choosing and its the final repetition of these words indicating that its the characters last chance to decide if he wants to go to the red room. Further along in the passage, the character starts to show this nervous tension because of how the old people acted and the old fashioned furniture of the housekeepers room which as he says affected me in the spite of my efforts to keep myself at a matter of phase which proves he is beginning to show his fear. Continuing we find the writer uses stereotypical settings to creep out the scene a bit more; The long, draughty, subterranean passage was chilly and dusty, and my candle flared and made the shadows cower and quiver. The sentence also uses personification to add to the effect. A lot of the descriptions the writer is using are good because they help the reader to form images in their head of the scene being described. Descriptions such as the first sentence on page seven; For the moonlight coming in by the great window on the grand staircase picked out everything in vivid black shadow or silvery illumination, these type of descriptions are really good for this effect, also stereotypical settings like this create an atmosphere, where the reader would expect to see a ghost. Once the reader has continued down the page they will find that the character maybe showing his nervousness a lot more as he progresses closer to the red room; The character starts to get paranoid; and gave me the impression of some one crouching to waylay me, and it shows how nervous he is getting. Then, with my hand in the pocket that held my revolver, I advanced, only to discover a Ganymede and Eagle glistening in the moonlight. At the beginning of this extract, the word Then is used, because its sudden and it shows something is going to happen. The question is why has the character brought a revolver with him, he kept insisting that he didnt believe in the supernatural, so why bring it? Around the bottom of page seven, Ganymede is repeated to make the reader curious; I glanced over my shoulder at the Ganymede in the moonlight it also builds to the last part of page seven which is a small cliff-hanger, and it stands out because it sounds like the end, but it actually making the reader read on to find out whats going to happen. After the cliff-hanger, the reader finds that the character has entered the red room. I entered, closed the door behind me at once, it also suggests that hes was frantic and wanted to get away from the hallway. Carrying on, the character starts to think about his predecessor to the room, the young duke, it gives the reader clues and we find that someone may have died in the red room. There is also a part, where we find that The Red Room may have had rumours about it already; The great red room of Lorraine Castle which would mean, that the room is well known, which makes the reader find out exactly whats going on. Further down the page there are uses of a metaphors; My candle was a was a little tongue of light in its vastness, that failed to pierce the opposite end of the room, and left an ocean of the mystery and suggestion beyond its island of light. The two in that extract really helps put the room into scale. As the character walks about the room he checks places to make sure nothing is there; I pulled the blinds and examined the fastenings or several windows before closing the shutters, looked up the blackness of the wide chimney, and tapped the dark oak panelling for any secret opening, hes thoroughly checks everything in the room which shows how nervous he is getting. As he is checking, there are a lot of run on sentences that speeds up the pace and creates suspense for the reader. Next page the character begins to light candles, and the way the writer has put together the small sentence really adds to the tension; All these I lit one after the other, its a slow sentence that now slows down the pace. As the reader reads on he will find that the character is becoming more and more paranoid, for some reason the character creates a barricade with a armchair and a table, which he puts his revolver on ready, again is creates more questions, like Why would he barricade himself? Whats the use of a revolver? The writer uses a lot of creepy sentences to make the reader become on the edge of his seat, such as I still found the remoter darkness of the place, and its perfect, stillness, too stimulating for the imagination Eerie sentences like these really build the tension and persuade the reader to read on. As the reader progresses down the page their tension will build further because of the more eerie sentences he uses, here is another one; The echoing of the stir and crackling of the fire, was no sort of comfort to me, even parts of sentences that the writer uses are really good at adding to the effect; undefinable quality of presence, these are just four words that really work well together. The reader will now find that the character is really at a high stage of nervousness, the characters paranoia really is getting to him now, there is a dark spot to the corner of the room, and he believes there is something there that is watching him. At last, to reassure myself, I walked with a candle into it, and satisfied myself that there was nothing tangible there. I stood that candle upon the floor of the alcove, and left that position, it really shows that he is starting to get nervous. The character now actually admits being nervous, but hes not quite sure why; By this time I was in a state of considerable nervous tension, although to my reason there was no adequate cause for condition and because of his nervousness the character shows his arrogance again. The character now trys to calm himself by doing different things. First he starts to create some rhymes in the style of The Ingoldsby Legends he also thinks of the old people one more time; I began to string some rhymes together, Ingoldsby fashion, but the echoes where not pleasant, My mind reverted to the three old and distorted people downstairs, he is now really trying to keep his mind off things. As the story progresses the character becomes more afraid of his surroundings, so the writer has made his sentences more appealing to make the reader receive the same feelings. He is very good at doing this, the sentences are slow and paced but have long eerie words that really get the reader on the edge. Here is one of the stereotypical settings he uses on page eight; The one in the alcove flared in draught, and the fires flickering kept the shadows and penumbra perpetually shifting and stirring. Now as we continue the writer is really trying to make the reader not like the character, he is becoming more arrogant as he gets more afraid. It occurred to me that when the ghost came, I could warn him not to trip over them, it really shows the sarcasm in the character; it makes the reader dislike him. Carrying on, the reader will find that the scene of the story starts to change and also with it, the tone. I did not see the candle go out; I simply turned and saw that the darkness was thereand see the unexpected presence of a stranger, Plus it is a hint for the reader. The story now starts to progress a bit faster because something tense is happening. As all the candles begin to go out the character begins to wonder why it is happening, and so does the reader. The writer shows this by using an explanation mark; Odd! which shows its strange. The character then realises there is no draft, and its as if someone put it out with there finger and thumb; The flames vanished, as if the wicks had been suddenly nipped between a finger and thumb, which makes the reader think there is someone in the room with him. The writer shows that the character is getting scared by describing what his voice sounds like; Whats up? I cried, with a queer high note getting into my voice some how. Further down the page, when the character is trying to light a match, his hands Trembled which shows he is scared and he may thing that someone is there. When he has lit quite a lot of candles, the character starts to feel in control of the candles going out; So that for the moment I seemed to gain on the extinctions, Through the next page the story now is becoming a lot faster than before and it makes the reader become really exited/tense. The candles are now starting to be put quicker than the character can light them up again. The writer is now scrambling metaphors and alliteration in the descriptions to make it a more rapid paced part of the story. It was like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars, and also as the story speeds up the writer begins to bring back the horror atmosphere back into the scene; I was now almost frantic with the horror of the coming darkness, and my self-possession deserted me. I leapt panting and dishevelled from candle to candle in a vain struggle against that remorseless advance. I bruised myself on the thigh against the table, I sent a chair headlong, I stumbled and fell and whisked the cloth from the table in my fall. In this extract the writer has used many verbs to make it quicker, which makes the story more exiting and also makes the reader desperately want to know whats happening. The character has become emotional so the reader can really be involved in the story. The reader should now be at a peak point of tension, and the writer wants it to stay at this point. So on the next page he adds repetition; and vanished, the glow vanished, the reflections rushed together and vanished, He also uses good imagery; and as I thrust the candle between the bars darkness closed upon me, and then straight after this he uses a metaphor; Like the shutting of an eye, wrapped around me in a stifling embrace, all of them really do work to keep the pace and keep the feeling of fear alive to the reader. The character now is completely lost control in himself with fear; I flung out my arms in a vain effort to thrust that ponderous blackness away from me, and, lifting up my voice, screamed with all my might, the character then trys to escape The Red Room, but because of the dark he does not know where the door is as bumps, after the bump the writer uses a lot of verbs to maintain the pace; I staggered back, Turned Battering myself, wild crying and I darted And then all of a sudden, all the tension disappears, he must of past out in the room as of running into the furniture. It is now the end of the experience for the character and it is another small cliff-hanger for the reader, they still dont know what as happened so a small amount of excitement is still there. I opened my eyes in the daylight The character is now not in The Red Room His head was bandaged and he was being watched by the man with the withered arm. The character looks about the room trying to remember what happened; I looked about me, trying to remember what had happened This would make the reader disappointed, because there would now be more questions in the readers head such as; How did he get there? Was there a ghost? etc. The reader is now coming to the end of the story, and the main characters personality has changed, he now believes that something was there; Yes, Said I; the room is haunted. As the old people then start to ask about the room the writers uses punctuation to show fear in the old people, as they are scared of the room, Because we have never daredTell us, is it truly the old earl Who- As the reader progresses the writer build a small amount of tension once again; It is not said I There is neither a ghost of earl nor ghost of countess in that room, there is no ghost as all; but worse, far worse- Then the character reveals all, that it is just fear it self that haunts the room. The character then goes on to describe fear, and how fear itself can change your feelings towards anything and make you think of anything. The write uses personification to make it sound like its something physical which can chase and follow you, and in a way, it is, fear can physically control a person. Overall I think the story is a very excellent story, as the amount of tension he builds through the story as it progresses really helps the excitement the reader receives. Also I think he has done a great job with the story structure and how it all fits together. I think the end of the story is very effective, as the reader is expecting to find out what happened to the character but he doesnt, so the story ends on another small cliff-hanger. In my opinion Im not quite sure if there was a ghost in the room or it was really just fear that scared the character, but I do think that that is what makes the story so good, because it leaves the reader with many questions that will always be unsolved. So the reader will never know what actually happened, but they can use there own imagination to decide.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example This implies that regardless of whether or not the theory of anthropogenic global warming eventually finds a firm and strong support in the peered-reviewed journal, it cannot be denied that there is a consensus in a world scientific body on the anthropogenic root of global warming and its association with fossil fuels. The United Nations-created IPCC â€Å"states unequivocally that the consensus of scientific opinion is that the earth’s climate is being affected by human activities† and that â€Å"the observed global warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations† (Oreskes, 2004, p. 1686, citing an IPCC document). Further, according to Oreskes (2004), â€Å"the IPCC is not alone in its conclusions† because â€Å"all major scientific bodies in the United States whose expertise bears directly on the matter have issued similar statements† (Oreskes, 2004, p. 1686). For example, Oreskes (2004, p . ... hropogenic and greenhouse gas-associated climate change to be an accurate reflection of the current thinking of the scientific community on the issue (Oreskes, 2005, p. 1686). According to Oreskes (2004, p. 1686), the American Meteorological Society, the American Geophysical Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) have issued statements with a conclusion that â€Å"evidence for human modification of the climate is compelling.† Second, environmental activism is good because it is through environmental activism that we can adopt policies that promote good health and a better quality of life associated with clean air, clean seas and oceans, clean rivers, and clean terrestrials. For instance, Wong et al. (2004) examined the health benefits of reducing air pollution under the United States Clean Air Act and estimated that the decrease in morbidity and mortality among children would add at least US$600 billion to the $100 billion benefits through the reduced morbidity and mortality of adults. Third, environmental activism because it promotes intergenerational equity: development must not be at the expense of the future generations, we must meet the needs of our generation but not to disadvantage of future generations. For instance, Weiss (2008, pp. 615-616) noting that â€Å"the impacts from warming are predicted to be long-term, widespread and severe† has affirmed that â€Å"climate change is an inherently international problem with extremely serious implications for equity between ourselves and future generations and among communities in the present and future.† Thus, in summary environmental activism promotes humanity’s survival or comfort, good health and quality of life, and intergenerational equity. Position 2: Negative Response We can also cite three key

Constitutional and Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Constitutional and Administrative Law - Essay Example A majority of nations have gone through an occurrence which caused them to depart with history affording them the prospect of codifying their constitutional system. However, Britain is unique in this aspect as the British constitution is a consequence of steady progression and transformation rather than a conscious attempt to devise an absolute arrangement of constitution and government (Raphael, 2004). Nonetheless, it is apparent that Britain possesses a constitution which categorizes statutes and systems involving the primary institutions of the state. However, many scholars contend that the absence of a codified constitution results to a power 'vacuum,' a vacuity seized by the legislative supremacy of the Parliament. Although the branches of the British government comprise of the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary, there is an overlap in power and functions between the branches, as a formal division of powers or system of checks and balances, is absent (Burnett, 2002). The Lord Chancellor, for instance, is a constituent of all the three branches concurrently serving as a member of the cabinet, the legislative and the judiciary. The British Parliament, composed of the monarch, the House of Lords, comprised largely of appointed members, and the House of Common whose members are elected, is the most sovereign This sovereignty of the Parliament is evident in its 'legislative enactments', binding on each and every one, although the British citizens could dispute the legality of a particular act under a specific decree in th e courts (Burnett, 2002). A. V. Dicey made this clear when he stated that, 1The principle of Parliamentary sovereignty means neither more nor less than this, namely, that Parliament thus defined has, under the English constitution, the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and, further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament. The entire political authority resides on the prime minister and the cabinet, and the monarch must operate on their counsel. The prime minister selects the cabinet from MPs, coming from his political party and a great number of cabinet ministers head the departments of the government. The prime minister's power was augmented in the 20th century as sometimes, acting alone or with another colleague in the parliament, the prime minister has made and created decisions and pronouncements formerly made by the cabinet all together. This does not mean though, that Prime ministers have not been overruled by the cabinet on various instances. In fact, Prime Ministers must generate the support of the cabinet to exercise their authority more effectively (Maitland, 1908). This idea of the parliament was referred to as the 2 "twin pillars" of the constitution by A.V. Dicey, in his treatise An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (1885). Dicey asserts that the constitution is founded

An effective commuication strategy- A case study of kantar Essay

An effective commuication strategy- A case study of kantar - Essay Example The study is aimed at analysing effective communication strategy within an organisation that helps the employees in enhancing their satisfaction level. In this tough economic situation of credit crunch, where companies are shutting down or employers are holding the torch for price cut and staff-cut, it is really phenomenal for a company to grow and creating its solid start by entering into a competition of top companies to work with. August 9, 2007 is the official beginning of the credit crunch and economic meltdown on such a big scale shook the world. Since then, every day we hear the news about job cuts, many big companies have been impacted by this fiscal situation in the UK. But there are other companies, which are making profit even in this gloomy economic situation. Companies such as comfort food companies, coffee shops and baby fashion stores, have been benefitted throughout the recession period. Like many other companies there is another company that has grown its business an d employees have been associated with its success. The findings section gives the report of what was collected on the ground regarding communication strategy significance in Kantar Company. The company deals with research and marketing programs. In this section analysis of survey questions is done quantitatively via the use of pie chart presentation. Each question response is converted into percentages. It also highlights that thirty six employees of the Company were interviewed. Out of the thirty six, thirty were junior employees whilst six were senior employees of the company. The conclusion gives summary of what was found on the ground. 40 Communication purpose is to express ideas between minds. For it to be effective and efficient, individuals need to receive and send mails effectively. A variety of media is needed typically or in isolation by an individual in order to transmit their messages. The wide range of media available are such as body language,

The Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer in Ghana

The Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer in Ghana CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS Causes Risk factors Prevention Vaccination Screening CERVICAL CANCER Signs and symptoms INTRODUCTION Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections that one can acquire from having sexual contact with an infected person. There are over 20 STIs which have been identified including HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease, trichomoniasis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, HPV and genital herpes1. According to WHO, more than a million people acquire a sexually transmitted infection a day2. STIs require treatment but there are some such as HIV/AIDS which are incurable and deadly but can be managed to prolong life. Majority of STIs are asymptomatic2 but the infection can still be passed on to partners3. If there are symptoms, they include bumps, sores or warts near the mouth, penis, vagina, or anus, swelling near the penis, skin rash, painful urinations, weight loss, night sweats, aches, pains, fever, chills, jaundice, vaginal or penal discharge and severe itching near genitals4. Infections are spread predominantly, as suggested by its name, through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, anal sex or even genital touching3. Some ways of protecting one’s self against STIs are; Abstinence from sexual activities Condom usage during sex Limiting the number of sexual partners one has. The more the number of partners one has, the higher the chances of catching an STI. Practicing monogamy. This means a couple should have sex with only each other Careful choice of sex partners. Dont have sex with someone whom you suspect may have an STI. Getting checked for STIs so that the infection is not passed on to others Knowing the signs and symptoms of STIs and looking for them in one’s self and their sex partners. Learning more about STIs to better protect one’s self.4 STIs are classified under bacterial, viral, and parasitic/fungal infections. For the purpose of this paper, the viral group shall be taken into consideration. In general, viral infections involve many different parts of the body at the same time5. Viral infections include; Human Papilloma Virus (HPV): The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common viral infection. There are about 40 types of HPV that are transmitted sexually through oral, anal or vaginal sex. Genital Herpes: Genital Herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus. It is in the same family of viruses that cause cold sores around the mouth. Hepatitis B Virus: Hepatitis B or Hep B, affects the liver. It is not to be mistaken with Hepatitis A or C, which are other forms of liver disease. Hepatitis B is easily transmitted not only through sexual activities, but by sharing items like razors, needles and toothbrushes. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Human Immunodeficiency virus or HIV/AIDS attacks the body’s immune system, leaving infected individuals unable to fight off other illness. It is transmitted through sexual activities, but also spread by sharing items like razors, needles and toothbrushes. Cervical cancer occurs when there is an abnormal proliferation of cervical cells. These cells gradually develop pre-cancerous changes before turning into cancers. It is one of the most common cancers in women across the world. When pre-cancerous cell changes are detected early, using a method called the pap test, they can be successfully treated to prevent cancers from developing6. Cervical cancers are classified into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The focus of this paper is to describe the relationship between one of the viral STIs, the Human Papilloma Virus, and cervical cancer in Ghana. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS Human papilloma viruses, commonly referred to as HPVs, are aetiological agents of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer7. In humans, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted virus. It affects about 50% of sexually active people at some point in their lives8. Often, being infected is asymptomatic and the infection may go away without medical treatment. HPV is spread through contact with infected genital skin, mucous membranes and body fluids, and can be transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral intercourse. HPV lives in the epithelial cells of the body hence it usually affects the surface of the skin, vagina, vulva, anus, cervix, penis head, mouth and throat. Over 100 HPV types have been identified and each is referred to by a number9. HPV can be classified into a high-risk or low-risk strains. Not all of the sexually transmitted types cause serious health problems. High-risk HPV strains are known to cause about 70% of cervical cancers8. These are majorly types 16 and 18, but they also include types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82. Low-risk HPV strains rarely cause cancers but instead cause warts on skin surfaces. Of the total number of virus types found, about 60 cause warts on hands and feet (A papilloma is a benign tumour derived from epithelium ­). There are about 40 types of HPV that are transmitted through sex. CAUSES HPV infection is caused when the virus enters your body through a cut or abrasion in the epidermis of the skin. The virus is transferred primarily by skin-to-skin contact. Genital HPV infections are contracted through sexual intercourse, anal sex and other skin-to-skin contact in the genital region. Some HPV infections that result in oral or upper respiratory lesions are contracted through oral sex. It is possible for a mother with an HPV infection to pass on the virus to her infant during delivery. This exposure may cause HPV infection in the babys genitals or upper respiratory system3. RISK FACTORS The following are some risk factors inherent in HPV: Prevalence of genital HPV is directly related to the number of lifetime sexual partners, recent changes in sexual partners, marital status, age at which one first had sex, illiteracy, oral contraceptive use, alcoholism, hormonal and dietary factors and immune suppression,(domfeh et al) Age at first sexual intercourse: the age of a person at the time which they first had sex could be an indicator for the number of sexual partners they have in their lifetime. Number of sexual partners. The greater the number of sexual partners one has, the more likely they are to contract a genital HPV infection. Having sex with a partner who has had multiple sex partners also increases the risk. Weakened immune systems. People who have weakened immune systems are at greater risk of HPV infections. Immune systems can be weakened by HIV/AIDS or by immune system-suppressing drugs used after organ transplants. PREVENTION The best way to prevent getting an HPV infection is to avoid direct contact with the virus, which is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact. It is difficult to avoid skin-to-contact with our loved ones in our relationships. Also, in most cases of HPV infection, there are no visible signs for us to know in order to avoid direct skin contact with infected individuals. Correct and consistent condom use is associated with reduced HPV transmission between sexual partners but areas not covered by condoms can still pass on the virus when they come into contact partner’s skin. Regular pap tests, which can detect precancerous changes in the cervix that may lead to cancer are recommended. SCREENING AND VACCINATION CERVICAL CANCER Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by two specific varieties of genital HPV: Types 16 and 18. Once HPV enters an epithelial cell, the virus begins to make the proteins it encodes. Two of the proteins made by high-risk HPVs (E6 and E7) interfere with cell functions that normally prevent excessive growth, helping the cell to grow in an uncontrolled manner and to avoid cell death. Often, infected cells are recognized by the immune system and eliminated. Sometimes, however, the infected cells are not destroyed, and a persistent infection results. As the persistently infected cells continue to grow, they may develop mutations in cellular genes that promote even more abnormal cell growth, leading to the formation of an area of precancerous cells and, eventually, a cancerous tumour. Other factors may increase the risk that an infection with a high-risk HPV type will persist and possibly progress into cancer. These include: Smoking or chewing tobacco (for increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer) Having a weakened immune system Increased parity (for increased risk of cervical cancer) Long-term oral contraceptive use (for increased risk of cervical cancer) Poor oral hygiene (for increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer) Chronic inflammation10 It can take 15 to 20 years for cervical cancer to develop in women with normal immune systems. It takes only about 5 to 10 years in women with weakened immune systems, such as those with untreated HIV infection 9 IN GHANA In Ghana, cervical cancer constitutes about 57.8% of all gynaecological cancers. It is the second most common cancer in women with an estimated incidence of 26.4 per 100,000. It is also the second most common cancer in women aged 15 to 44 years in Ghana. Every year, 3,038 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 2,006 die from it in Ghana (Edwin, 2010; Nkyekyer, 2000; WHO, 2010) The Pap smear and VIA have been observed to have challenges with regards to sensitivity and specificity even though the Pap smear is the gold standard for screening in Ghana. A study conducted at the Ridge Hospital in 2013, 201 women were sampled to be used to determine the prevalence of HPV and the associated risk factors. 1

Poes Narratives Essay -- Literary Analysis

Poe has given his narrator in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† multiple currently diagnosable psychological disorders: bipolarity, obsessive compulsive disorder, psychopathy, and paranoia. Although he is a psychopath by Hare’s definition, among the disorders, the narrator’s sense of fear is the most motivating. On a first reading, it might seem that the narrator committed murder because of his unjustified hatred towards the victim, or more specifically, the victim’s â€Å"evil eye.† And later, he confesses to his crime because of the overwhelming guilt he feels which causes him to hear the supernatural beating of the dead man’s heart. However, as a psychopath, the narrator is incapable of feeling guilt. I will demonstrate that it is not hatred toward what is outside of the self that drove the narrator to murder and confession but the hatred and the immense fear of the insanity within himself that motivated such irrational actions. To assert his sanity to his audience, the narrator goes into detail of the murder first by describing his careful method of observing the old man at night for seven nights, and later on by stressing his careful concealment of the corpse. He also describes the dismembering casually as if it is only a matter of an everyday chore. He neglects the greater facts by concentrating on minute details of entering the man’s room and of the careful concealment of the body instead of the horrific implications of his planned crime. The murder itself is treated by the narrator as a minor detail of his scheming; the plotting is the most significant factor. His extreme caution is driven by the fear of presumed insanity because according to the narrator, his actions were logical and those who have logic cannot be insane. After the ... ...nly a logical person can carry out a crime in such a well-planned manner. His fear of his insanity is so great that he refuses to even consider the possibility of the accusation of being insane. According to him, those who see him as insane are clearly insane themselves. Works Cited Haycock, Dean. â€Å"Hare Psychopathy Checklist.† Healthonline. 2003. http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/hare-psychopathy-checklist/3 Jerga, Josh. â€Å"Accused Chainsaw Murderer Had 'Shark' Eyes.† News.smh. 11/15/2010. http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/accused-chainsaw-murderer-had-shark -eyes-20101115-17u4c.html. Merriam-Webster. 2010. http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/antisocial%20personality%20disorder Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart.† The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th ed. vol. B. Ed. Baym, Nina. New York: Norton, 2007. Print.